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In 1915, Gandhi returned to India. Within five years, he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement. In 1919, the British introduced the Rowlatt bills to make it unlawful to organize opposition to the government. Gandhi led a satyagraha campaign that succeeded in preventing one of the bills. The others were never enforced. Gandhi called off the campaign when riots broke out. He then fasted to impress people with a need to be nonviolent. His
belief in the cruelty of imperial rule became more
intense after the Amritsar Massacre of April 13,1919
where a British general opened fire on an unarmed crowd
and 400 people were killed. This made Gandhi even more
determined to develop satyagraha and to win independence
through non violent resistance. He believed that the programme helped fight for independence in three ways (1) it aided economic freedom by making India self sufficient in cloth; (2) it promoted social freedom through dignity of labour; (3)it advanced political freedom by challenging the British textile industry. In 1930, Gandhi led hundreds of followers on a 300-kilometer march to the sea, where they made salt from the seawater. This was in protest against the Salt Acts, which made it a crime to possess salt not brought from the government. During World War 2, Gandhi continued his struggle for India's freedom through nonviolent disobedience to British rule. He was jailed for the last time in1942. Altogether, he spent seven years in prison for political activity. He believed it was honourable to go to jail for a good cause.. |
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